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61.
环评技术标准的科学性和完备性是决定环评文件质量及应用价值的关键,但长期以来生态承载力环评技术一直是环评标准体系中最薄弱的环节.通过回顾国内外生态承载力研究发展历程,解析生态承载力概念和内涵,介绍自然植被净第一性生产力评估法、生态足迹法、资源供需平衡法与综合指数法等常用生态承载力评估方法的评价原理、技术流程,指明上述各类方法片面注重“承载力”极值的量化或超载与否的评估,但却忽视人类经济社会发展产生压力指标与区域自然承载能力对应关键指标在指标类型、大小及空间上的矛盾对立性研究,以致评价过程不清晰、评估成果对于优化区域人地关系的参考价值十分有限.在此基础上结合我国生态承载力环评制度、技术导向及研究实践状况论述,指出现有生态承载力环评技术标准存在技术方案不完整、评价内容项目针对性弱、评价空间尺度与项目影响范围不匹配等问题,以此为前提,提出重新界定规划环评领域生态承载力概念,以提升科学性与实用性为目标革新生态承载力环评技术框架体系,针对项目生态压力类型及空间格局确立生态承载力评价内容,充分利用3S等新技术开展生态承载力定量化评估等修正对策建议.研究旨在为开展生态承载力评估技术革新与探索研究提供借鉴. 相似文献
62.
Oisín F. Sweeney John Turnbull Menna Jones Mike Letnic Thomas M. Newsome Andy Sharp 《Conservation biology》2019,33(4):812-820
Rewilding is increasingly recognized as a conservation tool but is often context specific, which inhibits broad application. Rewilding in Australia seeks to enhance ecosystem function and promote self-sustaining ecosystems. An absence of large-bodied native herbivores means trophic rewilding in mainland Australia has focused on the restoration of functions provided by apex predators and small mammals. Because of the pervasive influence of introduced mesopredators, predator-proof fences, and establishment of populations on predator-free islands are common rewilding approaches. This sets Australian rewilding apart from most jurisdictions and provides globally relevant insights but presents challenges to restoring function to broader landscapes. Passive rewilding is of limited utility in arid zones. Although increasing habitat extent and quality in mesic coastal areas may work, it will likely be necessary to undertake active management. Because much of Australia's population is in urban areas, rewilding efforts must include urban areas to maximize effectiveness. Thus rewilding is not synonymous with wilderness and can occur over multiple scales. Rewilding efforts must recognize human effects on other species and benefit both nature and humans. Rewilding in Australia requires development of a shared vision and strategy and proof-of-concept projects to demonstrate the benefits. The repackaging of existing conservation activities as rewilding may confuse and undermine the success of rewilding programs and should be avoided. As elsewhere, rewilding in Australia should be viewed as an important conservation tool. 相似文献
63.
目的 分析某气田井下管柱失效的根本原因,并提出有效的解决措施,以减少同类事故的再次发生。方法 采用宏观分析、拉伸性能、化学成分分析、金相分析、腐蚀产物分析、水质分析及结垢预测等方法,对可能造成某气田井下管柱腐蚀的原因进行深入分析。结果 失效件的拉伸性能、化学成分及金相显微组织均满足标准要求,排除因材质缺陷引起腐蚀。宏观分析表明,油管外螺纹与接箍内螺纹及镗孔处存在缝隙,且在缝隙处未预涂丝扣螺纹脂,因此在含有大量Cl?的腐蚀性环境中发生了缝隙腐蚀。此外,由于该地层水易结垢,当CaCO3垢及砂样沉积在缝隙处时,再次构成缝隙腐蚀发生的条件,从而加速腐蚀的进行。结论 在下管柱作业中,在接箍与油管旋合处有必要预涂螺纹脂,防止服役环境中的腐蚀介质在缝隙处造成缝隙腐蚀而减少井下管柱的服役寿命。 相似文献
64.
The release of biochar colloids considerably affects the stability of biochar in environment. Currently, information on the release behavior and suspension stability of biochar colloids in real soil solutions is scarce. In this study, 20 soils were collected from different districts in China and the release behavior of biochar colloids and their suspension stability in soil solutions were systematically examined. The results showed that both pyrolysis temperature and biomass source had important effects on the formation of biochar colloids in soil solutions. The formation amount of biochar colloids from low pyrolysis temperatures (400 °C) (average amount of 9.33–16.41 mg/g) were significantly higher than those from high pyrolysis temperatures (700 °C) (average amount of less than 2 mg/g). The formation amount of wheat straw-derived biochar colloids were higher than those of rice straw-derived biochar colloids probably due to the higher O/C ratio in wheat-straw biochar. Further, biochar colloidal formation amount was negatively correlated with comprehensive effect of dissolved organic carbon, Fe and Al in soil solutions. The sedimentation curve of biochar colloids in soil solutions is well described by an exponential model and demonstrated high suspension stability. Around 40% of the biochar colloids were maintained in the suspension at the final sedimentation equilibrium. The settling efficiency of biochar colloids was positively correlated with comprehensive effect of the ionic strength and K, Ca, Na, and Mg contents in soil solutions. Our findings help promote a deeper understanding of biochar loss and stability in the soil-water environment. 相似文献
65.
高剑平 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2010,20(6):53-55,58
随着近年来两岸关系的缓和,金门县政府将金门未来定位于"国际观光休闲岛屿",重点发展旅游和教育两大产业。然而,淡水资源的缺乏成为了实现这一目标的现实瓶颈。从气候、地形、经济等方面分析金门地区淡水资源的来源及淡水供应现状,并从开源和节流两方面提出金门地区淡水供应问题的解决途径。 相似文献
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67.
本文分析了21世纪城市环境发展所面临的各种挑战,并进一步指出了水资源短缺和水环境污染是21世纪城市环境的最大挑战者和威胁者。在此基础上,提出了解决的对策措施。 相似文献
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69.
Enhanced photocatalytic activity of nanotube-like titania by sulfuric acid treatment 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
YANG Shao-gui QUAN Xie LI Xin-yong FANG Ning ZHANG Ning ZHAO Hui-min 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2005,17(2):290-293
IntroductionTiO2 nanotubehaswidelydrawnmuchattentionduetoitslargesurfaceareaandhighphotocatalyticactivity ,becausetheyhavegreatpotentialforsuchapplicationsasenvironmentalpurification ,decompositionofcarbonicacidgas,andgenerationofhydrogengas .Titaniananot… 相似文献
70.
A semiempirical mathematical model is proposed for estimating the dermal absorption of chemicals from dilute aqueous solutions, such as bath water. Absorption depends on the concentration of the chemical in water, the area of skin exposed, the time of exposure, and a permeation coefficient that depends importantly on the relative solubility of the material in lipids and water, among other factors not so easily modeled. 相似文献